Chemical Biology & Radiation Therapy

Labeling & Sensing in Chemical Biology

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Recently, significant advances have been made in live cell imaging owing to the rapid development of selective labeling of proteins in-vivo. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was the first example of fluorescent reporters genetically introduced to the protein of interest (POI). While GFP and various types of engineered fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been actively used for live cell imaging for many years, the size and the limited windows of fluorescent spectra of GFP and its variants set limits on possible applications. Synthetic fluorescent probes are smaller than fluorescent proteins, often have improved photochemical properties, and offer a larger variety of colors. The chemical recognition-based labeling reaction often suffers from the compromised selectivity of metal-ligand interaction with the cytosolic environment, consequently producing high background signals. The Use of protein-substrate interactions or enzyme-mediated reactions generally show improved specificity, but each method has its limitations.